The former player: 'I really wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach children in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the pitch with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the horns and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022